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What works in rural
Among the sources that call Varron, there is one given to them, I think, entirely, only with the addition of precious ethnographic information and absurd etymology. This is a calendar of agricultural work, which was present in each estate note and management Vilik (1.30). Where was compiled record included Varro in his book? To answer this question, we compare the calendar Varron and Columella (X1.2)
Comparison of the two calendars convinces us that they were drawn to places as different but the economic structure, so n but natural conditions. Columella Calendar - a calendar winegrower but advantages: it is written for the county where the vineyard is an important economic article, and the vine - the subject of the most attentive care. Work in the vineyard were almost all year round, and a calendar of Columella was a reliable master reference and guidance in the distribution of these works. In the region, the agricultural way of life which gave the material to Varron calendar, much less interested in the vineyard and take care of them not at all with such care. Young vines are not digging on a monthly basis, as in Columella, a young vineyard relies only one day to plow or dig, and then three times pereboronit: old vines after digging (ablaqueatio) double-pass with a harrow. We see that most of the technology is different: in Columella husbandman operates with a shovel, in Varron harrow. In Columella vines stepson at the very least twice, Varron only once. No indication whatsoever to "dusting" or with respect to manure application: we are in an environment with economic interests other than those of Columella.
In-phase situation for both, and deal with pastures and forages: a Varro cattle pastures but goes to the end of March, in Columella meadows close to the herd since the first half of this month.
Very well, if the products of handicraft production of good quality can be purchased very close and very cheap (1.16.2). Thus, the centers of handicraft production are not only the city, as it was in Katonah, but dorevni and wealthy estates. You can imagine how such a center is organized. The village settles mason, blacksmith, carpenter, correctly anticipating that the services it has always needed. With Tomi same thoughts come to the doctor and fuller. All they need assistants, companions and assistants: a small craft formed the nucleus, which, depending on circumstances, can grow or shrink. Owners of neighboring eomsl naturally turn to their needs for these specialists: to forge a blade, weld a shovel to make a bed, nastlat roof, wash, wool clothing, matted cloth, to treat a sick child. To ensure a continued assistance from the master is the annual condition: but first needed, but the first requirement, they should go to the estate of his instrument and made to perform order. The owner of the estate of a rich neighborhood and takes into account the demand for revenue that he can get to meet this controversy: he arranges in his landscaped estate of "a number of workshops, employing slaves, learned the profession. It is sufficiently rich to not be afraid of death of any master; th replaced by another, perhaps even a student of the deceased and in any case, the income of the owner not only provide workshops, but also lands. Judging by what we know about Southern, in the valley for the connection of agriculture and craft activities in the wealthy estates was a common phenomenon. For Varro in his native Sabine places such estates are more the exception than the rule: he writes not for the rich landowners, who will conduct bargaining handicraft products made in their behalf, and for those owners who benefit from having this rich but next door. The owners of estates, which have in mind Varro is not always possible to get around the city: cities in these bridges is much less than in the Campaign or escalation, and the landowner average hand clinging to the village or to a rich neighbor, based on the possibility of lucrative deals for themselves.
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